The Canadian Centre for Housing Rights, National Indigenous Women’s Housing Network, National Right to Housing Network and Women’s National Housing and Homelessness Network are human rights, housing advocacy, and gender justice groups working across Canada to advance the right to housing. We are joining a growing group of over 70 Ontario Councillors, hundreds of members of the legal community and thousands of members of the public to raise the alarm about the recent threats targeted towards some of Ontario’s most marginalized people who are living in encampments, by the Government of Ontario’s potential use of the “notwithstanding clause” to bypass their protected human rights established under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. We are deeply concerned about the dangerous precedent this could set not only for residents of Ontario, but for people across the country.

On October 31, 2024, over a dozen mayors (now fifteen mayors) from across Ontario sent a letter to Ontario Premier Doug Ford, requesting the premier use the clause to allow municipalities to evict people living in encampments in their cities – following an invitation from the premier for mayors to make such a request.

The Charter establishes that people living in Canada have certain rights – including the right to life, liberty and security of person. The Charter says that anyone who feels that the government has not respected these rights can go to the courts to seek a remedy.

In this way, the Charter is a law designed to hold Canadian governments at all levels – federal, provincial and municipal – to account.

If someone brings a Charter complaint, the government has an opportunity to explain itself. The Charter establishes that governments may limit Charter rights if those limitations are “reasonable” and “can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.”

In 2023, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice considered a case where a municipal government sought to evict people from an encampment. The court found that the people living in the encampment did not have appropriate alternate accommodation options, such as affordable housing or shelter, and so eviction would make their “already dire predicament worse.” The court found that eviction would violate the encampment residents’ right to life, liberty and security of person, and so violated the Charter. The Court found that the government action could not be justified as “reasonable” or “demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.”

We are deeply concerned about the attempts by the Premier and these mayors to overturn the precedent that this case set. There is a clause in the Charter – the “notwithstanding clause” – that allows the government to essentially ignore certain parts of the Charter for a period of time. By invoking the notwithstanding clause to evict people from encampments where they do not have appropriate alternative accommodation options, government would be saying that even though its action would make an “already direct predicament worse”… even though its action violates people’s Charter right to life, liberty and security of person… even though courts have already found that this type of eviction could not be justified as “reasonable” or “demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society”… it should be allowed.

If this sounds like a human rights crisis, that’s because it is. The notwithstanding clause should never be used in a situation like this.

If governments were to use the notwithstanding clause to evict people from encampments, it would cause significant harm in two key ways:

1.     It would undermine the right to housing, enshrined in Canada’s National Housing Strategy Act (NHSA).

The right to housing means that governments should prioritize the housing needs of the most marginalized, disadvantaged groups in society. Overriding the Charter by using the notwithstanding clause to evict people from encampments when they have no appropriate alternate accommodation options means governments are doing the exact opposite of what they are supposed to do under the NHSA–Canada’s human right to housing legislation. It makes marginalized groups’ “already dire predicament worse” – when really what governments are obligated to do is to maximize the resources they apply to meet the needs of these groups, for example, by building deeply affordable and supportive housing.

Particularly, the use of the notwithstanding clause to evict people from encampments entrenches women and gender-diverse people in unsafe and invisible forms of homelessness. The lack of appropriate alternative accommodation options is more pertinent for women and gender-diverse people who avoid mainstream shelters due to a lack of gender-specific supports and risk to their safety.

For Indigenous people finding shelter in encampments, the use of the notwithstanding clause to evict people from encampments represents an exercise of colonial policies that violate their rights to exercise their agency and self-determination to find sustenance and safety on their homelands.

2.     It would undermine the rule of law.

The Charter lays out consequences for governments, when they do not respect the rights of people living in Canada. To ignore these consequences is to undermine the rule of law.

We urge our elected officials to demonstrate their commitment to respect and uphold the right to housing and the Charter rights of all Ontarians through the following actions:

• The Ontario mayors must rescind their letter to the premier asking the government to use the notwithstanding clause.
• The Ontario premier must retract his invitation to mayors to ask the government to use the notwithstanding clause, and instead provide funding to municipalities to increase services and housing supports.  
•  All governments must focus their efforts on finding solutions that meet the needs of people experiencing homelessness while respecting their rights and dignity.

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Joint statement by:

Canadian Centre for Housing Rights – a registered charitable organization, working to advance the right to adequate housing in Canada. We work at the intersection of human rights and housing, providing free services to renters facing evictions and human rights violations to remain housed, providing education and training about housing rights across Canada, and advancing rights-based housing policy through research, policy development, advocacy, and law reform.

National Indigenous Women’s Housing Network – a movement of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples who are dedicated to improving the living situations of Indigenous women and girls, Two-Spirit, and gender-diverse persons across Turtle Island and ending incidents of becoming unsheltered. All members have the lived experience of needing adequate shelter and a place to call home.

National Right to Housing Network (NRHN) – a broad-based, grassroots civil society network established to fully realize the human right to housing for all in Canada. Launched in February 2020, NRHN is a key resource in guiding Canada’s human rights-based oversight mechanisms—introduced under the National Housing Strategy Act (NHSA) —to address systemic housing inequities which exacerbates the housing and homelessness crisis across the country. Our network of over 2,000 organizational and individual partners work to hold the government accountable and ensure that their human rights commitments made under the NHSA are meaningfully realized.

Women’s National Housing and Homelessness Network – an organization working to advance the diverse voices of women, girls, gender-diverse lived experts, and their allies to lead transformative, gender-specific solutions that reduce and end housing precarity and homelessness through adopting human rights and intersectional feminism approaches. ​​

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Since 2000, November 22^nd has been recognized as National Housing Day in Canada – a day to reflect on the importance of housing to everyone and to raise awareness of the human right to housing.

Despite the decades of tireless advocacy efforts by diverse communities across the country, unfortunately, Canada’s housing and homelessness crises have only gotten worse since the inaugural National Housing Day.  

Renters are among the hardest hit by the housing crisis, which threatens their right to secure, affordable and adequate housing. Across the country, renters struggle to find and keep homes they can afford. The most recent data shows that over 20 per cent of renters are in core housing need, meaning they are unable to find good homes that cost less than 30 per cent of their income and are currently living in homes that are overcrowded, in major disrepair, or which are unaffordable. Many groups are disproportionately affected and face higher than average rates of core housing need, in particular Indigenous people, women-led families, newcomers, lone-parents, racialized individuals, and people with disabilities.  

Despite the depth of the housing crisis, policy measures and investments in deeply affordable housing have failed to meet the need.

Provincial and territorial housing laws are a patchwork, leaving renters across Canada without the same protections against excessive rent increases, arbitrary evictions, discrimination and other measures to help secure their right to housing. Recognizing the need and in response to the outcry of renters demanding their rights, the federal government introduced a Blueprint for a Renters’ Bill of Rights in September 2024, which outlines a “policy approach for fair and well-functioning renting systems” that aims to align with the right to adequate housing. The document makes it clear that all orders of government in Canada bear a responsibility for fulfilling the right to housing by investing in affordable housing. It also recognizes the need to strengthen current renter protections. Unfortunately, the Renters’ Bill of Rights lacks teeth to raise the standard of rights and protections for renters across the country.  

On November 20, hundreds of people from across Canada joined our National Panel Discussion to build a renter-led vision for the Renters’ Bill of Rights.

Speakers from the National Right to Housing Network (NRHN), the Accelerating Accessibility Coalition (AAC), the National Association of Friendship Centres (NAFC), ACORN Canada and the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights (CCHR) outlined what the government could do to better protect renters through a stronger and more robust Renters’ Bill of Rights.  

Michèle Biss, National Director of NRHN, highlighted that Canada has an obligation under international human rights law to realize the right to adequate housing and that the Renters’ Bill of Rights is an opportunity for all orders of government in Canada to enact concrete measures in line with those obligations.  

The right to adequate housing includes the right of everyone to homes which are accessible, safe, adequate and affordable, where they can live in security, peace, and with dignity. The need for accessible housing for the more than 25 per cent of Canadians with disabilities was underscored by Nikoletta Erdelyi, of Spinal Cord Injury Ontario and AAC.  

Gaelle Mushyirahamwe of NAFC explained the colonial roots of the housing crisis for Indigenous renters and called for Indigenous-led housing policies to end the dire housing problems facing Indigenous peoples, including discrimination in the rental market. 

Renters are continuing to come together to assert their rights. Tanya Burkart of ACORN Canada shared her experience working with other low and moderate income renters to oppose the financialization of housing and press governments for rent regulation and other measures to protect renters.  

Attendees of the panel described the many challenges they face as renters, including discrimination and harassment by landlords, threats of eviction, and rents that continue to rise out of reach. They also highlighted the need for strong and immediate action by our governments to protect renters’ right to housing.  

CCHR has been working hard to ensure that the same priorities outlined by the speakers and attendees of our National Panel Discussion were reflected in the Renters’ Bill of Rights. Before its release, we worked with housing advocates across Canada to develop recommendations to guide the development of the Renters’ Bill of Rights. We called on the federal government to take a human rights-based approach that reflected the key elements of the right to housing, backed by protections for renters and investments in truly affordable housing. We also emphasized that these rights must be enforced and upheld with clear accountability mechanisms and that they must apply to all renters across the country.  

More than ever, renters need policies and protections that can ensure that everyone in Canada, regardless of where they live, has an adequate, accessible, and affordable place to call home. A stronger Renters’ Bill of Rights could help make that a reality – but only if it truly reflects renters’ experiences and is grounded in the human right to housing.  

As we move forward into 2025, we will continue to work with renters and housing advocates across the country to improve the Renters’ Bill of Rights and give renters something to celebrate next year, on the 25^th anniversary of National Housing Day.  

We hope you join us. Sign up to receive updates about how you can get involved. 

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National Panel Discussion – Webinar recording

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Ce dont les locataires ont besoin pour la Journée nationale de l’habitation: des droits et des protections plus forts 

Depuis l’an 2000, le 22 novembre est reconnu comme la Journée nationale de l’habitation au Canada – une journée de réflexion autour de l’importance du logement pour tous et de sensibilisation sur le droit au logement.

Malgré des décennies d’efforts de plaidoyer inlassables menés par divers groupes partout au pays, les crises du logement et de l’itinérance au Canada n’ont malheureusement fait qu’empirer depuis la première Journée nationale de l’habitation.  

Les locataires sont parmi les plus durement touchés par la crise du logement, qui menace leur droit à un logement adéquat, abordable et sécuritaire. Partout au Canada, les locataires ont du mal à trouver et à conserver des logements qu’ils ont la capacité de payer. Les données les plus récentes montrent que plus de 20 % des locataires ont des besoins impérieux en logement, ce qui signifie qu’ils sont incapables de trouver de bons logements qui coûtent moins de 30% de leur revenu. Le résultat est que les locataires vivent actuellement dans des logements inabordables, surpeuplés ou dans un état de délabrement important. De nombreux groupes sont touchés de façon disproportionnée et font face à des taux plus élevés que la moyenne au niveau des besoins impérieux en logement, en particulier les personnes Autochtones, les familles dirigées par des femmes, les familles monoparentales, les nouveaux arrivants, les personnes racisées et les personnes handicapées.  

Malgré l’ampleur de la crise du logement, les mesures gouvernementales et le niveau d’investissements dans les logements à but non-lucratif ne répondent toujours pas aux besoins des locataires.

Les lois provinciales et territoriales sur le logement sont inégales d’une administration à l’autre, et les locataires du Canada ne jouissent pas des mêmes protections contre les augmentations de loyer excessives, les expulsions arbitraires ou la discrimination, et sont laissés sans autres mesures garantir leur droit au logement. Reconnaissant ce besoin, et en réponse à l’indignation des locataires qui réclament leurs droits, le gouvernement fédéral a présenté en septembre 2024 un plan directeur pour une Charte des droits des locataires, qui décrit une « approche stratégique pour la mise en œuvre de régimes de location équitables, efficaces » qui vise à s’aligner sur le droit à un logement adéquat. Le document indique clairement que tous les ordres de gouvernement au Canada ont la responsabilité de réaliser le droit au logement en investissant dans le logement abordable. Il reconnaît également la nécessité de renforcer les protections actuelles des locataires. Malheureusement, la Charte des droits des locataires manque de mordant pour élever les normes relatives aux droits de la personne et pour renforcer les protections pour les locataires à travers le pays.  

Le 20 novembre, des centaines de personnes de partout au Canada se sont jointes à notre table ronde nationale pour élaborer une vision conçue par les locataires pour la Charte des droits des locataires.

Des conférenciers du Réseau national pour le droit au logement (RNDL), de l’Accelerating Accessibility Coalition (AAC), de l’Association nationale des centres d’amitié (ANCA),  d‘ACORN Canada et du Centre Canadien du droit au logement (CCDL) ont discuté de ce que le gouvernement pourrait faire pour mieux protéger les locataires grâce à une Charte des droits des locataires plus forte et plus robuste.  

Michèle Biss, directrice nationale du RNDL, a souligné que, en vertu du droit international, le Canada a l’obligation de réaliser le droit à un logement convenable et que la Charte des droits des locataires est une occasion pour tous les ordres de gouvernement d’adopter des mesures concrètes conformes à ces obligations.  

Le droit à un logement convenable comprend le droit de chacun à des logements accessibles, sûrs, adéquats et abordables, où chacun peut vivre dans la sécurité, la paix et la dignité. Le besoin de logements accessibles pour plus de 25 % des Canadiens en situation de handicap a été mis en évidence par Nikoletta Erdelyi, de Lésions médullaires Ontario et de l’AAC.  

Gaelle Mushyirahamwe, d’ANCA, a expliqué les racines coloniales de la crise du logement pour les locataires autochtones et a appelé à des politiques de logement menées par les communautés autochtones pour mettre fin aux graves problèmes de logement auxquels sont confrontés les peuples autochtones, y compris la discrimination sur le marché locatif. 

Les locataires continuent de se mobiliser pour faire valoir leurs droits. Tanya Burkart d’ACORN Canada a partagé son expérience de travail avec les locataires à faible et modeste revenus pour s’opposer à la financiarisation du logement et faire pression sur les gouvernements pour qu’ils réglementent les loyers et prennent des mesures additionnelles pour protéger les locataires.  

Les participants à l’évènement ont décrit les nombreux défis auxquels ils sont confrontés en tant que locataires, comme la discrimination et le harcèlement de la part de certains propriétaires, les menaces d’expulsion et les loyers qui continuent d’augmenter à vitesse vertigineuse. Ils ont également souligné la nécessité d’une action forte et immédiate de la part de nos gouvernements pour protéger le droit au logement des locataires.  

Le CCDL a travaillé fort pour s’assurer que les mêmes priorités énoncées par les conférenciers et les participants à notre table ronde nationale étaient reflétées dans la Charte des droits des locataires. Avant sa publication, nous nous sommes concertés avec des défenseurs du droit au logement de tout le pays pour formuler des recommandations afin d’orienter l’élaboration de la Charte des droits des locataires. Nous avons demandé au gouvernement fédéral d’adopter une approche fondée sur les droits de la personne qui reflète les éléments clés du droit au logement, appuyée par des protections pour les locataires et des investissements dans des logements véritablement abordables. Nous avons également insisté sur le fait que ces droits doivent être appliqués et respectés au l’aide de mécanismes de responsabilisation clairs et qu’ils doivent s’appliquer à tous les locataires du pays.  

Plus que jamais, les locataires ont besoin de politiques et de protections qui peuvent faire en sorte que tout le monde au Canada ait un logement adéquat, accessible et abordable, peu importe où ils vivent. Une Charte des droits des locataires plus forte pourrait aider à faire de cette vision une réalité, mais seulement si elle reflète vraiment les expériences vécues des locataires et est fondée sur le droit humain au logement.  

Alors que nous nous apprêtons à amorcer l’an 2025, nous continuerons de travailler avec les locataires et les défenseurs du droit au logement à travers le pays pour améliorer la Charte des droits des locataires et donner aux locataires quelque chose à célébrer l’année prochaine, à l’occasion du 25e anniversaire de la Journée nationale de l’habitation.  

Nous espérons que vous vous joindrez à nous. Inscrivez-vous pour recevoir des mises à jour sur la façon dont vous pouvez vous impliquer. 

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Débat d’experts national – enregistrement du webinaire

NATIONAL

• Federal government releases Blueprint for a Renters’ Bill of Rights 
  
  The federal government released a new Blueprint for a Renters’ Bill of Rights, which includes a range of measures that aim to improve fairness, equality, access and affordability for renters. It also makes clear that all levels of government are responsible for fulfilling the right to housing for renters. However, it lacks critical accountability and enforcement mechanisms. CCHR shared our key takeaways, concerns and ongoing advocacy actions related to the blueprint. 
   
• Statistics Canada releases new data on housing needs and conditions  
  
  Statistics Canada released the 2022 Canadian Housing Survey results, which highlight ongoing affordability challenges across the country. Rates of core housing need returned to pre-pandemic levels, following a decrease due to pandemic-related financial benefits. Twenty-two per cent of renters were in core housing need (compared to six per cent of homeowners), with Indigenous (18 per cent) and racialized (14 per cent) households facing the highest rates of core housing need. Canadians reporting financial difficulty due to housing costs nearly doubled from 2018 to 2022.  
  
• National Housing Council announces review panel on homelessness among women and gender-diverse people 
  
  The National Housing Council announced a review panel on Canada’s failure to prevent and eliminate homelessness amongst women and gender-diverse people. The panel will include written and oral hearings, prioritizing people with lived experience and groups with expertise in human rights and housing. The panel appointed three members who will lead the review and is developing terms of reference. The National Indigenous Women’s Housing Network and Women’s National Housing & Homelessness Network have developed a toolkit to support community participation in the panel. 
  
• Report shows rents are far outpacing wages across the country 
  
  The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives released a report examining wages needed for households to be able to afford rent without sacrificing other basic needs, known as the “rental wage.” The report examined nearly 800 neighbourhoods across the country and found that the rental wage was significantly higher than the minimum wage in every province (up to double for two-bedroom apartments in British Columbia and Nova Scotia). The report calls for modern rent controls, collective bargaining rights for renters and public funding for non-market housing in light of rapidly rising rents and the increasing financialization of housing. 
  
  

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PROVINCIAL / TERRITORIAL 

Nova Scotia 

• Government proposes rent cap extension, while opposition calls to close fixed-term lease loophole 
  
  Nova Scotia has proposed to extend its five per cent rent increase cap (currently in place until the end of 2025) until the end of 2027. The government has also proposed to decrease the timelines for rental arrears evictions. The opposition NDP criticized the announcement and tabled a private members bill to close the loop on fixed-term leases, which leaves renters vulnerable to rent increases above the five per cent cap. 

Prince Edward Island 

• Landlords push back against rent increase guideline, while rents outpace inflation 
  
  Prince Edward Island announced that its 2025 rent increase guideline will be 2.3 per cent, however landlords can apply for an increase of up to 5.3 per cent. While some landlords have pushed back against the application of the rent increase guideline to both occupied and vacant units, claiming that it decreases rental construction, the opposition Green Party noted that investment in the construction sector has recently increased. At the same time, data shows that rent increases on PEI have outpaced the rate of inflation in recent years. 

Ontario  

• Report shows savings generated through short-term rental regulations 
  
  McGill University Professor Dr. David Wachsmuth released a report quantifying the impact of short-term rentals (STR) on housing affordability and rental prices across Ontario. The report shows that STR growth has led to significant rent increases, costing Ontarians $1.6 billion in additional rent since 2017. Meanwhile, current STR regulations have saved renters more than $1 billion annually. Municipalities with principal residence restrictions experienced rent increases that were 3.3 per cent lower than those without such restrictions. If expanded across Ontario, principal residence restrictions could save renters an additional $572 million annually. Similar outcomes were found in British Columbia.  

Saskatchewan 

• Saskatchewan rents rising fastest across the country 
  
  Despite having some of the lowest rents in the country, rents in Saskatchewan rose faster than in any other province year over year, increasing by up to 18.4 per cent for a two-bedroom apartment in Saskatoon. Some landlords cited the need to increase rents due to increasing operating costs, such as property tax, utilities and maintenance. However, research shows a steep rise in the proportion of financialized landlords in Saskatchewan, with up to 70 times more corporate-owned rental units than in Manitoba. The research suggests that the lack of rent regulations in Saskatchewan attracts corporate landlords and contributes to rapidly increasing rents.  

British Columbia  

• Report shows need for significant expansion of non-market housing to improve affordability 
  
  The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives released a report calling for British Columbia to build 250,000 non-market rental units over ten years to improve affordability and address wealth inequality. The report outlines the impact of the housing affordability crisis on the provincial economy and proposes several policy recommendations for all levels of government, including tax reforms, zoning changes, renter protections and the expansion of new programs, such as the Rental Protection Fund. 

Yukon 

• Judge strikes down legislation that allowed evictions with only five days’ notice 
  
  A Yukon judge struck down a section of the Safer Communities and Neighbourhoods Act that allowed for evictions with just five days’ notice. The judge cited that such evictions could cause “extraordinary psychological suffering,” infringing on the right to security of the person outlined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Legal and community advocates have long advocated for changes to the legislation, which aims to address community safety concerns without involving the police. The rest of the legislation remains in place.  

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MUNICIPAL / LOCAL 

• Ontario municipalities implementing stronger renter protections 
  
  Municipalities across Ontario are implementing bylaws that seek to strengthen protections for renters. Following Hamilton and Toronto, London recently adopted a new renovictions bylaw, which requires landlords to obtain a renovation license and report stating the need for a unit to be vacant for renovations to proceed. While the bylaw aims to deter bad faith renovictions, some councilors and advocates called for it to be strengthened through more substantial penalties for landlords and additional supports for displaced renters. Meanwhile, Brampton’s rental licensing pilot program, aimed at addressing rental housing maintenance and safety issues, has led to 4,700 inspections and over 600 penalty notices. Despite some landlord opposition to the program, councilors noted the program’s success in identifying and addressing rental housing issues.  

Hidden homelessness is experienced by many people across the country, but there has been great difficulty in understanding the extent of the problem as it is an invisible form of homelessness. CCHR developed a pilot project in Saskatoon to understand and enumerate hidden homelessness, in order to better serve the housing needs of those who are invisibly unhoused. Using Saskatoon as a case study, the project produced a framework for estimating the scope of hidden homelessness and developing effective solutions, that can be used by policymakers and service providers in similar urban centers across Canada. To do this, we brought together stakeholders from across Saskatoon’s housing system to capture the journeys of those experiencing hidden homelessness and co-develop innovative strategies for collecting data to create evidence-based solutions.

Discover our research

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The Understanding and Estimating Hidden Homelessness in Saskatoon project received funding from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) under the NHS Solutions Labs, however, the views expressed are the personal views of the author and CMHC accepts no responsibility for them. 

CMHC’s Solutions Labs are an innovative approach to tackling complex societal challenges that cannot be solved by one organization or sector. Using bottom-up collaboration, they provide a safe space for diverse perspectives to come together, for assumptions to be questioned, and for community-based solutions to be created. They are one of the tools under the National Housing Strategy being used to inform decision-making at all levels of government. 

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NATIONAL

• Federal government launches the Canada Public Land Bank
  
  On August 28, the federal government launched its Public Land Bank. This new initiative is part of the Public Lands for Homes Plan, which aims to address the housing shortage by leasing federal lands to housing developers. The government unveiled an initial list of 56 federal properties that are available for affordable housing development. A request for development proposals has already been issued on five properties, and the federal government has also launched a public consultation to explore housing solutions that can inform current and future versions of the initiative. By making this information readily available and streamlining the development process, the government hopes to accelerate the delivery of new housing units and better meet the growing demand for affordable housing across the country. However, advocates have noted the need to prioritize non-market, community housing to achieve the greatest impact. 
  
  
• Putting short-term rentals back into the affordable housing stock
  
  A new Statistics Canada report reveals that over 100,000 short-term rentals (STRs) could be used for long-term rental housing. Despite representing only one per cent of Canada’s total housing stock, the total number of STRs has increased by 60 per cent since 2017 and the number of STRs renting out entire homes has grown by 80 per cent. Airbnb argued that the proportion of STRs is too negligible to impact housing availability and affordability. While the Statistics Canada report does not explore the impact of STR growth on affordability, Fairbnb says it directly affects vacancy rates and supply. Putting STRs back in the long-term housing market could potentially raise the national vacancy rate from 1.5 to 2.4 per cent. In Nova Scotia and P.E.I., municipalities have recently adopted new regulations to restrict the use of entire homes as STRs.
  
  
• Provinces and municipalities exploring solutions as students face severe housing issues across the country 
  
  As students across the country prepare for a new academic year, they also have to contend with significant housing challenges. In British Columbia, 70 per cent of students are financially unstable, with 44 per cent unable to afford basic needs such as housing and food. Students in Saskatchewan are also facing severe rental housing issues, with student housing at capacity and very few affordable options available in the market. Similar situations are unfolding in Calgary, Ottawa, and Moncton. These trends highlight a broader problem affecting student well-being and academic success. Many institutions are overwhelmed by the demand for on-campus housing, and the shortage is putting additional pressure on students already dealing with financial strains. Governments across Canada are taking steps to find solutions to the crisis and accelerate the development of student housing. In British Columbia, Premier David Eby committed $300 million to build over 1,500 new student residences at the University of British Columbia. In Quebec, a new consortium led by UTILE is using prefabricated construction methods to address the student housing shortage. This initiative, which involves collaborations between construction companies and housing organizations, aims to mitigate delays and reduce costs associated with traditional construction. 
   
  
• Tiny homes and modular housing at the forefront of the fight against homelessness  
  
  To help quickly create temporary and permanent housing for people experiencing homelessness, the use of tiny homes and modular housing is on the rise across jurisdictions. At the federal level, the government is setting aside $500 million for developers that use modular or prefabricated construction techniques, which is expected to save 20 per cent of building costs while speeding up development by 20 to 50 per cent. In Nova Scotia, several municipalities are opening temporary shelter villages with self-contained tiny homes and on-site services to support individuals experiencing homelessness. In Saint John, the City is piloting a similar project which uses upcycled trailers to provide fully equipped studios on wheels to the homeless population. In Quebec and Ontario, local governments have chosen modular construction to create more transitional housing. The City of Montreal recently launched a pilot project to provide 60 modular housing units of different sizes for people experiencing homelessness who are also on a social housing waitlist. The City of Peterborough was recently recognized for its Modular Bridge Housing Community project, which was successful in transitioning people faster into permanent housing. 
  
  

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PROVINCIAL / TERRITORIAL 

British Columbia

• B.C. Human Rights Commissioner report highlights housing as a top issue
  
  The office of the B.C. Human Rights Commissioner released a report highlighting human rights issues people face when accessing social services, particularly in the justice, healthcare and child welfare systems. Unaffordable and inadequate housing was found to be the leading human rights issue, particularly for women and girls facing violence. The report states that B.C. residents face the highest rate of unaffordable housing in the country and recognizes that thousands of people have been forced into homelessness as a result. The report explores how these disparities and systemic inequalities affect marginalized communities, and proposes recommendations to address these inequalities and improve outcomes for impacted communities.  
  
  
• B.C. court overturns eviction of social housing tenant who owed $45 in unpair rent
  
  In a recent decision, the British Columbia Court of Appeal overturned an eviction order for a social housing renter who owed $45 in unpaid rent. The renter received disability assistance and rent was paid directly to the housing provider by the Ministry of Social Development and Poverty Reduction. While the Ministry was responsible for the arrears on rent, the renter had since paid the difference directly to the housing provider but was still served a one-month eviction notice in September 2023. The renter’s eviction had been upheld by lower courts, but the appeal court found the decision “patently unreasonable”, highlighting the lack of proportionality in the Residential Tenancy Branch’s decision.
  
  
• Housing Minister to review above guideline rent increase rules
  
  A recent ruling by the Residential Tenancy Branch (RTB) allowed a landlord to impose a 23.5 per cent rent increase beyond the 3.5 per cent annual limit. The RTB decision came in response to the landlord’s attempt to recover losses due to an increase in variable mortgage rates. While rent increases are capped annually in B.C., a regulation allows for extraordinary rent increases for unforeseen home financing increases. However, this regulation has been rarely used and previous court decisions have often rejected landlords’ claims to recoup mortgage financing losses. Advocates from the B.C. Tenant Resource and Advisory Centre and the Vancouver Tenants Union criticized the ruling and expressed concern that it could encourage landlords to shift the financial risk of their investment onto renters. They are calling on the provincial government to remove the regulation. In response, Housing Minister Ravi Kahlon recently announced that his Ministry will review the policy.   
  
  

NOVA scotia

• Changes coming to the HRM Charter to increase housing supply 
  
  The Nova Scotia government is amending Halifax’s Charter to accelerate housing development and address the city’s housing crisis. The provincial government is introducing new regulations that will help simplify zoning laws and expedite permit approvals. The amendments aim to remove bureaucratic barriers and streamline processes for new housing projects, and require the municipality to prioritize increasing housing supply in all its planning decisions. Changes to minimum planning requirements will now allow residential construction in most of the city, reduce the use of urban space for parking and permit manufactured housing in all residential areas.
  
  

ONTARIO

• Ontario mayors call on the province to tackle the homelessness and opioid crisis
  
  A recent report from the Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) shows a significant rise in homeless encampments across Ontario, with over 1,400 homeless encampments last year. An initial provincial estimate indicated that the unhoused population is close to 234,000 people, however the province later walked back these estimates, but failed to provide an official number. AMO released a follow up report proposing recommendations to urgently address homelessness in the province. Ontario’s Big City Mayors endorsed these recommendations and launched a campaign calling on the provincial and federal governments to increase support and resources, including by creating a dedicated ministry to address the intertwined issues of homelessness, addiction, and mental health. While the province did not respond to these recommendations, it announced $378 million to create 19 Homelessness and Addiction Recovery Treatment Hubs, which will include up to 375 supportive housing units. At the same time, it introduced a new policy to ban safe consumption sites near schools, which will result in the closure of more than half of these sites. The Ontario NDP and Liberals, along with the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, mental health advocates and shelter providers condemned the province’s approach and argue that restricting safe consumption sites could undermine harm reduction strategies, given the complexities of addiction and recovery.
  
  
• Ontario’s new planning policy to spur housing intensification 
  
  The Ontario government introduced new planning rules aimed at increasing its supply of affordable housing following multiple rounds of public consultation. Under the updated Provincial Planning Statement (PPS), municipalities are required to set minimum housing targets to increase residential development and reach the province’s goal of 1.5 million homes by 2031. The new PPS also emphasizes streamlining approval processes and reducing bureaucratic delays to expedite construction. The new PPS promotes a balance of housing densification and intensification by requiring the development of a wide range of housing options, encouraging transit-supportive housing and guaranteeing minimal land servicing for the first phase of housing development projects. In addition, it focuses on affordable housing development for lower and moderate incomes, however its definition for affordability will not address the needs of those in greatest housing need. While many stakeholders welcome the new approach as a necessary step to tackle the housing crisis, some environmental groups and advocates have expressed concerns about potential challenges in implementation and the impact of the new directives on urban sprawl.
  
  
• Wins and losses of advocates and municipalities to address rising renovictions 
  
  Since 2017, the number of eviction notices issued in Ontario for renovations, demolitions, or conversions has tripled. Across the province, renter groups are protesting renovictions, and municipalities are following suit by exploring local renter protection initiatives. In Cambridge, renters are rallying to prevent a mass renoviction at their apartment complex. Renters in Guelph are also organizing to advocate for stronger municipal bylaws to address renovictions. Both renter groups are supported by ACORN Ontario, which played a critical role in the adoption of a renoviction bylaw in Hamilton, Ottawa, London and Toronto are now considering new legislation aimed at curbing renovictions, modeled after Hamilton’s bylaw. Guelph’s mayor has also issued a call for action on a renoviction bylaw, reflecting growing local concerns about housing stability. At the federal level, the NDP unveiled a proposal to ban renovictions and fixed-term leases that often lead to instability for renters. 
  

QUEBEC

• Housing Minister unveils new housing strategy
  
  Quebec’s Housing Minister recently unveiled the province’s long-awaited housing strategy, which focuses on increasing housing supply and improving affordability. The strategy aims to create 560,000 new housing units and introduces various measures to support low- and moderate-income families and accelerate housing development. Both renter and landlord groups expressed reservations about the strategy’s focus on new construction. FRAPRU and RCLALQ criticized the strategy for its failure to address ongoing issues in the rental market and its lack of inclusion of social and deeply affordable housing, while the Association des Propriétaires du Quebec argue that the strategy overlooks financial challenges related to repairs and maintenance faced by existing rental property owners. Concerns were also raised about the rigidity of urban planning rules and whether the proposed measures are sufficient. 
   

Yukon

• Government releases report on review of the RLTA
  
  The Government of Yukon released a new report summarizing feedback from a review of its Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (RLTA). The report reflects input from various stakeholders, including renters, landlords, and community organizations, on issues related to rental housing regulations. Key recommendations include clearer rules on eviction processes, improved protections for renters, and better mechanisms for resolving disputes, reflecting some of CCHR’s recommendations. The report aims to guide future legislative changes and ensure that the RLTA effectively balances the interests of both renters and property owners to improve the rental housing system in Yukon.
   

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MUNICIPAL / LOCAL 

• Municipal plans for sanctioned encampments
  
  Several municipalities across Canada are implementing encampment response plans that seek to support unhoused residents, rather than criminalize homelessness. Hamilton is allowing encampments, provided they are not in proximity to certain social infrastructures, and is now considering designating sanctioned encampment sites with temporary shelters and on-site harm reduction services. Guelph recently determined that 90 per cent of its land could be suitable for sanctioned encampments, restricting the remaining 10 per cent. Similarly, Saint John is implementing a three-tier system of zones where encampments may be allowed, as part of its new municipal housing strategy. Halifax has already designated six sites for sanctioned encampments and is now developing a new Code of Conduct to help mitigate conflicts between encampment residents and the broader community. In each city, advocates have applauded the government’s initiatives and welcomed a more compassionate approach to encampments.
  

In Canada, children and youth experience eviction from rental housing at higher rates than most other age groups. Eviction is particularly damaging for youth because of its long-term consequences and propensity to entangle youth with other systems. Eviction into homelessness is also a violation of international human rights law. Yet Canadian eviction laws do not reflect human rights obligations or account for the unique experiences and vulnerabilities of youth. Instead, tribunals often function as “eviction machines.” 

Using a human rights and youth-centred lens, this project will explore the following three research questions:  

1. Access to justice: How can eviction law and processes become more accessible to youth? What types of information and supports will empower youth to participate in eviction hearings?
   
2. Eviction decision-making: What materials can be developed to encourage eviction decision-makers to consider the human rights and unique circumstances of youth?
   
3. Eviction legislation: What legislative reforms can be made to ensure that the human rights of youth are considered in eviction processes?

Research insights

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Workshops

Meaningful engagement is a critical part of a human rights-based approach to addressing systemic housing issues. In the spring of 2024, housing and youth advocates and youth with lived expertise in Toronto and Saskatoon joined workshops to engage in our research. This report provides a real-life example of what meaningful engagement looks like in practice.

Workshop report:

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Policy recommendations

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Acknowledgements

This work is funded by Making the Shift Youth Homelessness Social Innovation Lab (MtS), a member of the Government of Canada’s Networks of Centres of Excellence program. Making the Shift funds, conducts, prototypes, and mobilizes cutting-edge research to prevent and end youth homelessness in Canada. 

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On September 16, 2024, the federal government released a Blueprint for a Renters’ Bill of Rights – an important measure that could move the needle on Canada’s housing affordability crisis by establishing national standards that protect housing stability and affordability for renters across the country. 

The Renters’ Bill of Rights comes at a critical time, as Canada remains in the midst of an escalating housing crisis, where renters face soaring rental costs, few affordable options, and increasing levels of housing insecurity. Without adequate and consistent national standards to protect against excessive rents, arbitrary and unnecessary evictions, renovictions, disrepair, discrimination, and many other issues, renters are increasingly facing housing precarity and homelessness.  

Landlord and tenant matters in Canada are governed by provincial and territorial residential tenancy legislation, and as a result, the rights and protections afforded to renters vary widely across Canada. For example, in half of Canada’s provinces and territories, rent increases are not regulated at all. In others, rent increases are regulated to a certain extent, but the rules do not apply to all renters, leaving many, in particular long-standing tenants, vulnerable to economically-motivated evictions.   

Unequal housing laws across the country have contributed to a crisis where renters are struggling like never before. Building more market-rate housing will not help them right now when they need it most, but implementing national standards to protect the affordability and security of their current homes will. With the Renters’ Bill of Rights, the federal government has seized a critical opportunity to ensure that every renter in Canada is afforded the same baseline rights when it comes to their housing.  

Over the past few months, the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights (CCHR) collaborated with housing advocates and leaders from across Canada to develop our key recommendations for what a strong Renters Bill of Rights must include. Below, we have outlined these key recommendations, our assessment of the government’s blueprint, and highlighted upcoming opportunities for communities to support the establishment of strong standard protections for renters across the country. 

Recommended principles and scope

In consultation with housing advocates and leaders across the country, we developed the following principles and scope of rights and protections that would ensure a comprehensive, impactful, and robust Renters’ Bill of Rights

Principles 

Three core principles must guide the development and implementation of standard renter protections across the country: 

1. Taking a human rights-based approach
   A meaningful Renters’ Bill of Rights must align with the federal government’s commitment to implement the right to housing, which extends to provincial, territorial, and municipal governments. It should also recognize the role that housing providers must play in upholding the right to housing for renters. Moreover, the Renters’ Bill of Rights must be complemented with concurrent actions and investments that recognize housing as a human right, rather than an investment vehicle, including dedicated resources to increase the supply of deeply affordable and community housing, and taking seriously the need to address the root causes and impacts of the financialization of housing.
   
2. Ensuring enforcement and accountability 
   Some provincial and territorial legislation already provides many of the standards and protections that should be included in the Renters’ Bill of Rights. However, without robust enforcement and accountability mechanisms (including sufficient resourcing), renters do not benefit from those protections in practice. A meaningful Renters’ Bill of Rights should include meaningful accountability mechanisms that uphold renters’ rights. This should include measures that prioritize support for those in greatest housing need and access to justice for low and moderate income renters. 
   
3. Protecting all renters
   All renters must be afforded equal standard protections under the Renters’ Bill of Rights, regardless of where they live, their type of tenancy, or the type of rental housing that they occupy. However, there may be some specific circumstances where different rules may apply. 

Scope 

Building on these core principles, our specific recommendations are presented in six groupings that reflect the elements of the right to housing, as well as the principles of equity, equality, and access to justice:

Input from housing advocates and organizations

CCHR and our partners have emphasized to the federal government the importance of developing the Renters’ Bill of Rights in consultation with renter communities, advocates and civil society to ensure these protections truly address the needs of renters and reflect their voices.  

In August 2024, CCHR surveyed tenant groups and housing organizations from across Canada, collecting their input on the rights that should be included in the Renters’ Bill of Rights, based on the list of rights outlined above. 

We received over 50 responses from eight jurisdictions across the country. The vast majority of respondents strongly endorsed the above list of rights, and provided some helpful context and recommendations around the importance of these rights and actions that governments could take to implement them. Common themes from the survey results reflected the need for a comprehensive suite of renter protections with robust accountability and enforcement mechanisms, including: 

• Strong rent regulation and protection against eviction, especially as it relates to renovictions. 
• Clear standards and definitions of affordability, habitability, accessibility, and cultural adequacy. 
• Funding to support landlord compliance with habitability standards and accommodations for accessibility and cultural adequacy to ensure costs are not downloaded onto renters. 
• Strong anti-discrimination laws to cover all protected human rights grounds, including prohibiting discriminatory screening practices to select renters. 
• Legal support for renters, including accessible channels to report issues without fear of retaliation. 
• A public database of rental housing ownership, rent prices, property conditions, maintenance requests, compliance, etc.
• Clear, accessible information about landlord and renter rights and responsibilities, including education and training. 
• Well-resourced tribunals to investigate, monitor, and enforce landlord compliance, including timely dispute resolution, regular inspections, and strong penalties for violations. 
• Measures to address the financialization of housing, including greater investment in non-market housing and limits on investment properties. 
• Annual review of the Renters’ Bill of Rights to evaluate its effectiveness. 

While respondents were overwhelmingly supportive of stronger renter protections across the country, some also expressed skepticism around the likelihood of their provincial or territorial government adopting and/or enforcing these protections. To be sure, the implementation of the Renters’ Bill of Rights will require cooperation between different levels of government. However, we have reason to be optimistic that this can be achieved, as this type of intergovernmental cooperation is not unprecedented. For example, over the course of 20 years after it was introduced by the federal government, the National Building Code was adopted by every province and territory as a standard for building design and construction.  

Given the context, it will be incumbent on the federal government to adopt strategies that will ensure provinces and territories adopt and uphold these critical renter protections at a time when Canadians need them most. Likewise, renter advocates and organizations have a key role to play in encouraging adoption, and holding governments accountable for their responsibility to ensure equal and consistent rights for renters across the country.

The Renters’ Bill of Rights blueprint 

The release of the Renters’ Bill of Rights blueprint is a significant step in the right direction, signaling that the federal government understands that uneven and precarious protections for renters are inadequate, and that renters are suffering as a result. The blueprint outlines a range of important measures that if implemented consistently across the country, would improve fairness, equality, access, and affordability for renters, including:  

• protections against excessive rent increases and forced evictions
• proportionality in renting practices (e.g., considering fairness and timing related to rent increases, evictions, and other renting issues)  
• continued tenancies in the event of a unit change 
• renter relocation assistance in cases of displacement 
• accessible rental information 
• measures to address discrimination 
• standards for rental housing quality 
• compulsory landlord training 
• shifting the onus of proof to landlords to end tenancy agreements  
• legal support and education for renters  
• improved tribunal processes and authority to impose substantial penalties 

Importantly, the blueprint is framed around the shared responsibilities of federal, provincial, and territorial governments to advance the right to adequate housing, including through sufficient investments in non-market, affordable housing.  The federal government will encourage uptake by provinces and territories through tying the Renters’ Bill Rights to a new Canada Housing Infrastructure Fund. Provinces and territories can only access the $5 billion available through this fund if they implement measures from the Renters’ Bill of Rights and Home Buyers’ Bill of Rights.

In the coming months, it will be critical that they follow through to ensure the adoption of these standards by providing strong incentives, direction and accountability mechanisms. While it is encouraging to see that provinces and territories will be required to report on their progress to advance renters’ rights, it is currently unclear what mechanisms will be in place to ensure that these essential standards will be enforced across the country and we look forward to hearing more on this. 

The Renters’ Bill of Rights is the most concrete way that governments can improve housing stability and prevent homelessness for those most at risk right now. Its adoption across the country must become a key priority for the government. Commitments to build more market-based housing as a strategy to address the affordability issues may sound logical, but the reality is these measures are simply not an adequate response to the crisis that is ravaging lower income communities. It is well understood that in the absence of robust affordability requirements, new private market housing will not be affordable, especially for low- and moderate-income residents. Studies have shown that increasing supply does not meaningfully lower rents in existing homes, and in some cases, can have the opposite effect.

Opportunities for communities to advocate for a robust Renters’ Bill of Rights 

In the coming months, we hope to see strong incentives for the adoption of the Renters’ Bill of Rights alongside government-led public consultations. CCHR views the Renters’ Bill of Rights as a critical opportunity to ensure there are equal protections for renters across the country – something that should have been in place a long time ago.  

We will be organizing a series of public workshops across the country this fall to raise awareness of its importance and mobilize communities to advocate for a robust Renters’ Bill of Rights to address the challenges and inequities facing renters across Canada, with concrete actions that hold all levels of government accountable for upholding renters’ rights.

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Ce qu’une Charte des droits des locataires solide pourrait signifier pour les locataires au Canada

Le 16  septembre  2024, le gouvernement fédéral a publié un Plan pour une Charte des droits des locataires, une mesure importante qui pourrait faire avancer le droit au logement au Canada en établissant des normes nationales qui protègent la stabilité et l’abordabilité du logement pour les locataires partout au pays. 

La Charte des droits des locataires arrive à un moment critique, alors que le Canada est en pleine crise du logement, avec des loyers en forte hausse, peu d’options abordables et une insécurité du logement croissante. En l’absence de normes nationales adéquates et cohérentes pour se protéger contre les loyers excessifs, les évictions arbitraires et inutiles, le délabrement, les rénovictions, la discrimination et bien d’autres défis, les locataires sont de plus en plus confrontés à la précarité dans le logement et à l’itinérance.  

Les questions relatives aux ententes entre propriétaires et aux locataires au Canada sont régies par les lois provinciales et territoriales sur la location résidentielle et, par conséquent, les droits et les protections accordés aux locataires varient considérablement à travers le Canada. Par exemple, dans la moitié des provinces et des territoires, les augmentations de loyer ne sont pas du tout réglementées. Dans d’autres, les augmentations de loyer sont réglementées dans une certaine mesure, mais les règles ne s’appliquent pas à tous les locataires, ce qui rend nombre d’entre eux vulnérables aux évictions motivées par des raisons économiques, en particulier les locataires de longue date.   

Les disparités entre les lois sur le logement d’une province à l’autre ont contribué à une crise où les locataires rencontrent des difficultés sans précédent. Construire davantage de logements au prix du marché ne les aidera pas maintenant, au moment où ils en ont le plus besoin, mais la mise en œuvre de normes nationales visant à protéger l’abordabilité et la sécurité de leurs logements actuels le fera. Avec la Charte des droits des locataires, le gouvernement fédéral a saisi une occasion cruciale de garantir que chaque locataire au Canada bénéficie des mêmes droits de base en matière de logement.  

Au cours des derniers mois, le Centre Canadien du droit au logement (CCDL) a collaboré avec des défenseurs et des experts en droit au logement de partout au Canada pour élaborer un ensemble de recommandations sur ce que doit inclure une solide Charte des droits des locataires. Ci-dessous, nous avons décrit ces principales recommandations, notre évaluation du plan directeur du gouvernement et mis en lumière les opportunités pour le milieu communautaire de soutenir l’établissement de normes minimales de protection pour les locataires du Canada. 

Principes recommandés et portée

En consultation avec les défenseurs et les experts en droit au logement, nous avons proposé les principes suivants et défini leur champ d’application aux droits et protections qui garantiraient une Charte des droits des locataires complète, efficace et solide. 

Principes 

Trois principes fondamentaux doivent guider l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de mesures de protection standards pour les locataires Canadiens  : 

1. Adopter une approche fondée sur les droits de la personne
   Une Charte des droits des locataires forte doit s’aligner sur l’engagement du gouvernement fédéral à mettre en œuvre le droit au logement, qui s’étend aux gouvernements provinciaux, territoriaux et municipaux. Elle devrait également reconnaître le rôle que doivent jouer les propriétaires de logements pour faire respecter le droit au logement des locataires. En outre, la Charte des droits des locataires doit être accompagnée simultanément de mesures politiques, juridiques et financières qui reconnaissent le logement comme un droit humain, et non comme un véhicule d’investissement. Cela implique de dédier des ressources pour accroître l’offre de logements abordables et communautaires, tout en prenant en compte la nécessité de s’attaquer aux causes fondamentales et aux effets de la financiarisation du logement. 
   
2. Assurer l’application de la loi et la reddition de comptes 
   Certaines lois provinciales et territoriales respectent déjà bon nombre des normes et des protections prévues par la Charte des droits des locataires. Toutefois, sans mécanismes solides d’application de la loi et de reddition de comptes (incluant l’allocation de ressources suffisantes), les locataires ne bénéficient pas réellement de ces protections. Une véritable Charte des droits des locataires devrait inclure des mécanismes de responsabilisation efficaces qui respectent les droits des locataires. Elle devrait inclure des mesures qui soutiennent en priorité les personnes ayant le plus besoin de logement et l’accès à la justice pour les locataires à revenus faibles et modérés. 
   
3. Protéger tous les locataires 
   Tous les locataires doivent bénéficier des mêmes protections standards en vertu de la Charte des droits des locataires, quel que soit leur lieu de résidence, leur type de bail ou le type de logement locatif qu’ils occupent. Toutefois, il peut y avoir des circonstances particulières dans lesquelles des règles différentes peuvent s’appliquer.

Portée 

S’appuyant sur ces principes fondamentaux, nos recommandations particulières sont déclinées en six points qui reflètent les éléments du droit au logement, ainsi que les principes d’équité, d’égalité et d’accès à la justice  : 

Contribution des défenseurs et des organismes du droit au logement 

Le CCDL et ses partenaires ont fait valoir au gouvernement fédéral l’importance d’élaborer la Charte des droits des locataires en consultation avec les groupes de locataires, les défenseurs du droit au logement et la société civile pour garantir que ces protections répondent véritablement aux besoins des locataires et reflètent leur opinion.  

En août 2024, le CCDL a sondé des groupes de locataires et des organismes de défense du droit au logement de partout au Canada, et a recueilli leurs commentaires sur les droits qui devraient être inclus dans la Charte, suivant la liste des droits décrite plus haut. 

Nous avons reçu plus de 50 réponses en provenance de huit provinces et territoires. La grande majorité des répondants ont fortement approuvé la liste de droits proposée par le CCDL et ont fourni des informations sur leur contexte et des recommandations utiles sur l’importance de ces droits et sur les mesures que leurs gouvernements pourraient prendre pour les mettre en œuvre. Les thèmes communs issus des résultats de l’enquête reflètent la nécessité d’une série complète de mesures de protection des locataires, dotées de mécanismes de responsabilisation et d’application de la loi robustes, notamment : 

• une réglementation stricte des loyers et une protection contre les évictions, particulièrement en cas de rénoviction; 

• des normes et définitions claires en matière d’abordabilité, d’habitabilité, d’accessibilité et d’adéquation culturelle; 

• du financement pour soutenir la conformité des logements aux normes d’habitabilité et aux mesures d’adaptation en matière d’accessibilité et d’adéquation culturelle afin de garantir que ces coûts ne soient pas à la charge des locataires; 

• des lois anti-discrimination strictes couvrant tous les motifs de protection des droits de la personne, y compris l’interdiction des pratiques de sélection des locataires discriminatoires; 

• un soutien juridique pour les locataires, incluant des canaux de communication accessibles pour signaler les problèmes sans crainte de représailles; 

• une base de données publique sur les propriétaires de logements locatifs, les prix des loyers, l’état des propriétés, les demandes d’entretien, la conformité aux normes de salubrité, etc.; 

• des informations claires et accessibles sur les droits et responsabilités des propriétaires et des locataires, y compris des formations et des ressources éducatives; 

• des tribunaux dotés de ressources suffisantes pour enquêter, surveiller et faire respecter la conformité des logements, y compris une résolution rapide des différends, des inspections régulières et de lourdes sanctions en cas d’infractions; 

• des mesures visant à lutter contre la financiarisation du logement, notamment en investissant davantage dans le logement social et communautaire et en limitant les investissements immobiliers; 

• une révision annuelle de la Charte des droits des locataires pour évaluer son efficacité. 

Bien que les répondants soient largement favorables à des mesures de protection plus fortes pour tous les locataires du Canada, certains ont également exprimé des doutesquant à la probabilité que leur gouvernement provincial ou territorial adopte ou applique ces mesures de protection. Il est certain que la mise en œuvre de la Charte des droits des locataires nécessitera une coopération étroite entre les différents paliers de gouvernement. Nous avons cependant des raisons d’être optimistes quant à la possibilité d’y parvenir, car ce type de coopération intergouvernementale n’est pas sans précédent. Par exemple, au cours des 20 années qui ont suivi son introduction par le gouvernement fédéral, le Code national du bâtiment a été adopté par chaque province et territoire comme standard de conception et de construction des bâtiments.  

Compte tenu du contexte actuel, il incombera au gouvernement fédéral d’adopter des stratégies qui garantiront que les provinces et les territoires adoptent et maintiennent ces protections essentielles pour les locataires à un moment où les Canadiens en ont le plus besoin. De même, les groupes et organismes de défense du droit au logement ont un rôle clé à jouer pour encourager l’adoption de ces protections et tenir les gouvernements responsables de leur devoir de garantir des droits égaux et cohérents pour tous les locataires du Canada. 

Plan pour une Charte des droits des locataires

La publication du Plan pour une Charte des droits des locataires constitue un pas en avant significatif, qui montre que le gouvernement fédéral comprend que des protections inégales et précaires pour les locataires sont inadéquates et que ces derniers en souffrent. Le plan présente une série de mesures importantes qui, si elles étaient mises en œuvre de manière cohérente dans tout le pays, amélioreraient l’équité, l’égalité, l’abordabilité et un meilleuraccès au logement pour les locataires, notamment les mesures suivantes :  

• des protections contre les augmentations excessives des loyers et les évictions forcées; 

• la proportionnalité dans les pratiques de gestion locative (par exemple, en tenant compte des mesures d’équité et de la fréquence des augmentations de loyer ou des évictions et autres problèmes de location);  

• le maintien des baux en cas de changement d’unité; 

• une aide au déménagement en cas de déplacement des locataires; 

• des informations sur le logement faciles d’accès; 

• des mesures pour lutter contre la discrimination; 

• des normes de qualité pour les logements locatifs; 

• une formation obligatoire pour les propriétaires; 

• un transfert du fardeau de la preuve aux propriétaires pour la résiliation de bail;  

• un soutien juridique et une formation pour les locataires;  

• l’amélioration des procédures au tribunal et du pouvoir d’imposer des sanctions substantielles. 

Il est important de noter que le plan directeur s’articule autour des responsabilités communes des gouvernements fédéral, provinciaux et territoriaux pour faire progresser le droit à un logement décent, notamment par des investissements suffisants dans le logement abordable et à but non-lucratif. Le gouvernement fédéral compte encourager l’adoption de cette mesure par les provinces et les territoires en liant la Charte des droits des locataires à un nouveau Fonds canadien pour les infrastructures liées au logement. Les provinces et territoires ne pourront accéder aux 5 milliards de dollars disponibles dans le cadre de ce fonds seulement s’ils mettent en œuvre les mesures contenues dans la Charte des droits des locataires et dans la Charte des droits des acheteurs d’une propriété. 

Dans les mois à venir, il sera essentiel que les gouvernements provinciaux et territoriaux prennent les mesures nécessaires pour garantir l’adoption de ces normes en fournissant des mesures incitatives, de l’orientation et des mécanismes de responsabilisation solides. Bien qu’il soit encourageant de constater que les provinces et territoires seront tenus de rendre compte de leurs progrès en lien avec l’avancement des droits des locataires, on ne sait pas encore quels mécanismes seront mis en place pour garantir que ces normes essentielles soient appliquées dans tout le pays et nous attendons avec intérêt d’en apprendre plus à ce sujet. 

La Charte des droits des locataires est le moyen le plus concret dont disposent les gouvernements pour améliorer la sécurité du logement et prévenir l’itinérance chez les personnes les plus vulnérables. Son adoption à l’échelle du pays doit devenir une priorité absolue pour le gouvernement. Les engagements visant à construire davantage de logements au prix du marché comme stratégie pour résoudre les problèmes d’abordabilité peuvent sembler logiques, mais la réalité est que ces mesures ne constituent tout simplement pas une réponse adéquate à la crise qui ravage les communautés à faible revenus. Il va de soi qu’en l’absence d’exigences rigoureuses en matière d’abordabilité, les logements neufs construits par le marché privé ne seront pas abordables, en particulier pour les résidents à revenus faibles et modérés. Des études ont montré que l’augmentation de l’offre ne réduit pas de manière significative les loyers des logements existants et, dans certains cas, peut avoir l’effet inverse.  

Opportunités pour le milieu communautaire de plaider en faveur d’une Charte des droits des locataires consistante 

Dans les mois à venir, nous espérons que l’adoption de la Charte des droits des locataires sera fortement encouragée, parallèlement aux consultations publiques qui seront menées par le gouvernement. Le CCDL considère la Charte des droits des locataires comme une occasion cruciale de garantir des protections égales pour les locataires à travers le pays, quelque chose qui aurait dû être mis en place il y a longtemps.  

Nous organiserons une série d’ateliers publics d’envergure nationale cet automne pour sensibiliser et mobiliser le milieu communautaire afin de plaider en faveur d’une Charte des droits des locataires solide pour relever les défis et les inégalités auxquels font face les locataires partout au Canada, avec des mesures concrètes qui tiennent tous les niveaux de gouvernement responsables quant au respect des droits des locataires. 

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Toronto, ON – September 16, 2024 – Today, the federal government released a new Blueprint for a Renters’ Bill of Rights – a critical measure that could help address Canada’s housing affordability crisis by strengthening protections for renters across the country. 

The blueprint includes a range of important measures that aim to improve fairness, equality, access and affordability for renters. It also makes clear that the federal, provincial and territorial governments are all responsible for fulfilling the right to housing of all Canadians, which requires improving the renting system across the country. This includes adequately investing in affordable housing that meets the needs of renters. However, despite some reporting requirements, the blueprint falls short of providing strong direction and accountability mechanisms to ensure that provincial and territorial governments will fulfill their responsibilities.  

“It’s promising to see many measures in the Renters’ Bill of Rights blueprint that would help level the playing field between landlords and renters,” says Sara Beyer, Manager of Policy at the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights (CCHR). “However, currently it lacks the strong federal direction needed to ensure that these critical protections for renters will actually be realized. Without requiring provinces and territories to amend their laws to ensure rents are well-regulated and that eviction is treated as a last resort, we’re concerned that the Renters’ Bill of Rights will be a missed opportunity to curb rising rental costs, and prevent evictions and homelessness.” 

Public opinion polls by Leger and Abacus Data from the past year show that an overwhelming majority of Canadians view the housing affordability crisis as a serious problem, yet they do not feel that our governments are taking the necessary steps to tackle the crisis. Likewise, in a recent survey conducted by CCHR of over 50 tenant groups and housing organizations across the country, the vast majority agree that strong renter protections are essential to tackling the housing affordability crisis. Yet, many are skeptical that their provincial or territorial government would enact any of the measures necessary to ensure renters can afford to stay in their homes and that they do not face excessive rent increases or unfair evictions.  

Renter protections vary significantly depending on where you live in the country. The Renters’ Bill of Rights provides a key opportunity for all levels of government to work together to ensure that all renters – no matter where they live – enjoy the same rights and protections, for which CCHR has long advocated. If the federal government gave the Renters’ Bill of Rights real teeth, it has the potential to make a meaningful impact on the housing affordability crisis and address systemic issues related to inadequate and disparate protections for renters across the country.

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Media contact:
Shelley Buckingham
Director of Communications, Canadian Centre for Housing Rights
Email: media [at] housingrightscanada.com

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NATIONAL

• CCHR sends initial recommendations for the Renters’ Bill of Rights to the federal government 
  
  On July 17, the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights (CCHR) sent a letter to the Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities, outlining recommended principles and scope for the Renters’ Bill of Rights (RBR), with input from renter-serving organizations and experts. We called for the development and implementation of the RBR to align with a rights-based approach, ensure enforcement and accountability measures, and protect all renters. Building on those key principles, we developed an initial list of rights that reflect the elements of adequate housing and that would provide a minimum level of protection, responding to the realities that renters face across the country. Stay tuned for our next steps to ensure the RBR can provide robust, comprehensive renter protections. 
  

• Call for proposals opens for the Tenant Protection Fund 
  
  The Justice Partnership and Innovation Program launched an anticipatory call for proposals for the new Tenant Protection Fund, announced as part of Canada’s Housing Plan in the federal government’s 2024 budget. The fund will provide $15 million over five years to help increase access to justice for renters across Canada by filling gaps in legal services, supports, and information. The fund includes two streams: public legal education and information (including research and policy development) and legal information and advice services. Applications are due October 1, 2024 and several information sessions are taking place over the summer. This fund is a critical opportunity to help advance the right to housing for renters through increased access to justice. 
  
  
• Additional funding available through the Housing Accelerator Fund   
  
  Municipalities that were unsuccessful in the first round of the Housing Accelerator Fund (HAF) application process are now able to apply for the second round of funding. In its 2024 budget , the federal government committed an additional $400 million to HAF, which is estimated to produce 12,000 new homes over the next four years. Applicants must integrate best practices from the previous round of HAF, which focus on zoning requirements, use of public land, improved processes, and affordability.
  
  

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ATLANTIC CANADA

NOVA SCOTIA

• Housing support announced for Nova Scotians fleeing gender-based violence  
  
  The federal government is investing $11.3 million over four years in housing support for Nova Scotians escaping gender-based violence (GBV), which will be cost-matched by the province. The fund is estimated to benefit 400 families and will offer a flat rate based on family size. Eligibility requirements and the amount of financial support available through the fund will be reassessed in its second year, based on average market rates and household income. According to the Transition House Association of Nova Scotia, women in the province report higher rates of GBV than in other provinces, and the lack of access to safe, affordable housing is a key barrier to escaping abusive relationships. The intersections between GBV and housing insecurity were also examined in CCHR’s recent report, Nowhere To Go. 
  
  
• Opposition party calls for the establishment of a tenancy enforcement unit 
  
  Nova Scotia’s opposition New Democratic Party (NDP) has reissued a call for the government to establish a tenancy enforcement unit, which would provide accountability and enforcement for violations under the Residential Tenancies Act. The NDP introduced legislation last fall, and the government has received a consultant’s report on establishing such a unit, but no action has been taken to date. Meanwhile, legal aid services have seen a staggering increase in requests from renters facing tenancy issues, including renovictions, illegal fees, and unsafe living conditions. 
  

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

• New report shows that a high rate of former inmates have been released into homelessness 
  
  The John Howard Society released findings showing that 64 per cent of former inmates from the Provincial Correctional Centre were released into homelessness between April 2023 and March 2024. The organization cites the lack of transitional housing on P.E.I. as a major obstacle for former inmates transitioning out of the correctional system, along with intersecting barriers related to mental health and addiction issues, and barriers posed by having a criminal record. Despite the availability of funding to create transitional and other supportive housing, plans to develop a halfway house on P.E.I. two years ago were cancelled after community pushback. 
  
  
• Province is on track to exceed social housing targets 
  
  P.E.I. is on track to exceed its targets to build 560 new social housing units over the next five years. The province recorded 1,139 housing starts in 2023, which included 250 social housing units, well above the pace required to meet the target. Currently, P.E.I.’s stock of social housing represents approximately three per cent of its overall housing stock. This is below the national average of 3.5 per cent and well below the average level of seven per cent in other countries. Given the widespread need for affordable housing options, some housing advocates are calling on governments to prioritize social housing so it represents 20 per cent of the rental housing stock in Canada. P.E.I.’s current targets would bring the province’s social housing ratio to 3.3 per cent of its overall housing stock, while an additional 3,000 new social housing units would need to be built over five years to reach the seven per cent benchmark. 

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CENTRAL CANADA

ONTARIO

• More renters are disputing own-use eviction applications 
  
  Data from Ontario’s Landlord and Tenant Board show that “own-use” eviction applications – when a landlord or their family member wants to move into a rental unit – have increased by 85 per cent since 2020. At the same time, renter applications to dispute such evictions have quadrupled, leading to twice the number of fines for bad faith evictions in 2023 compared to 2022, though only 23 fines were issued. While landlord groups have signaled the need to move back into their properties due to high interest rates, renter advocates say the absence of vacancy control provides an incentive for landlords to evict long-term renters paying below market rates to bring in renters who can pay higher rents. As a result, many lower-income renters are left with few affordable options. 
  

QUEBEC

• Quebec renters are facing increasing rates of housing need and homelessness 
  
  Over 1,600 households across Quebec were still looking for housing after July 1, which is moving day in the province. Three hundred and seventy-nine of those households were in temporary housing provided by municipalities or relatives. Le Front d’action populaire en réaménagement urbain (FRAPRU) noted the lack of affordable housing for low- and moderate-income renters, alongside discrimination in the housing market, as key barriers affecting housing access, and called for more community housing, better renter protections, and a ban on short-term rentals. Meanwhile, new survey data shows that approximately 15 per cent of Montreal renters reported experiencing an episode of homelessness in 2024, up from 10 per cent in 2023. 
   

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WESTERN CANADA

MANITOBA

• Winnipeg targets vacant buildings to increase affordable housing 
  
  The City of Winnipeg is looking to leverage vacant properties to provide more affordable housing, which could include selling lots for $1 to non-profit housing providers and accelerating the city’s acquisition of vacant or dilapidated properties. Currently, the process to dispose of an unused property can be timely and delay affordable housing development. The Right to Housing Coalition in Manitoba supported the proposal, but called for the city to ensure that new affordable housing construction includes rent-geared-to-income (RGI) units for low-income families. The coalition estimates that Winnipeg needs 7,500 RGI units, plus 5,000 units for people experiencing homelessness. 
  
  
• Province is investigating mass evictions from an apartment building in Winnipeg 
  
  Following the sudden, mass eviction of renters in a Winnipeg apartment building, the Manitoba government is working to rehome residents, compensate them for lost belongings, and investigate the property owners. The investigation is being led by the Residential Tenancies Branch and could lead to substantive charges, which may include criminal charges. 
  

SASKATCHEWAN

• Saskatoon experts are hopeful the Housing Accelerator Fund will help address housing affordability 
  
  The City of Saskatoon was recently approved for $41.3 million under the federal Housing Accelerator Fund (HAF), after approving zoning changes that will allow for greater density across the city. Advocates are hopeful that the new funding will help create more affordable housing, as the city is currently facing low vacancy rates and few affordable options. However, the funding is only expected to produce 300 new units each year, which is not enough to keep pace with demand. CCHR submitted a letter of support to Saskatoon City Council for the zoning changes required to access the HAF, highlighting the need to build and maintain an adequate supply of rent-geared-to-income, affordable, transitional, and supportive housing, alongside supports and protections for renters. 

Alberta

• Calgary announces new affordable housing initiative 
  
  The City of Calgary launched a new three-year, $60 million program as part of its Housing Capital Initiative to support charities, non-profits, and Indigenous organizations to build new or acquire existing affordable rental housing. The city would provide up to 30 per cent of project funding and aims to leverage funding from other levels of government. The funding requires projects to maintain below-market rents for at least 20 years, while projects that commit to longer-term affordability, lower rents, and faster timelines will be prioritized. Applications are open until October 10. 
  
  
• Edmonton calls for greater provincial funding to tackle homelessness 
  
  The City of Edmonton is calling on the provincial government to increase funding for affordable and supportive housing and coordinate with other levels of government to address rising rates of homelessness. In response, the Alberta government committed to reviewing a list of programs and services for which the city is seeking funding. However, some advocates expressed concern that the city is not taking responsibility for its role in tackling the homelessness crisis. According to Homeward Trust Edmonton, the city requires up to 1,700 supportive housing units to provide housing for people experiencing homelessness. 
  
  

British Columbia

• Province launches website to protect renters from bad-faith evictions 
  
  The B.C. government launched a new online portal on July 18, which aims to address bad-faith evictions when landlords falsely claim they need a rental unit for their personal use. The portal requires landlords to generate eviction notices for personal use and provide information about who will be taking over a unit. Renters will now have 30 days to dispute evictions (up from 15 days), and landlords must provide four months’ notice for personal-use evictions (up from two months). The portal will allow the government to conduct post-eviction compliance audits and track the frequency of personal-use evictions. Advocates welcomed the portal as an important data collection tool to help address the rising rate of no-fault evictions, while also calling for additional landlord accountability measures and vacancy control. 
  
  
• Province rejects Victoria’s request for vacancy control 
  
  For the third time in as many years, the B.C. government has rejected the City of Victoria’s request to implement vacancy control, citing concerns that it would deter rental housing development, despite evidence to the contrary. In response, the province noted its support for renters by limiting annual allowable rent increases below inflation and addressing renovictions. Meanwhile, rents for vacant units in Victoria were 41 per cent higher last year compared to those with ongoing tenancies. 
  

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Toronto, ON – July 23, 2024 – A new report released by the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights (CCHR) finds that Ontario’s high housing costs are a significant barrier preventing survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from finding a safe home, free from violence.

The report presents key findings from CCHR’s research study in five Ontario communities – Toronto, Ottawa, Peterborough, Thunder Bay and Lanark County. Through interviews with 28 service providers and a survey of 102 women and gender-diverse people who have experienced GBV and IPV (survivors), along with an analysis of local housing market conditions, the study fills a knowledge gap in understanding the relationship between GBV and housing insecurity in Ontario.

The study found that unaffordable housing costs in their community prevented 79 per cent of survivors from leaving the residence where they experienced violence. For those who sought a temporary safe place in an emergency shelter, 65 per cent experienced housing insecurity after leaving the shelter. Due to a lack of affordable housing, survivors are facing difficult housing choices, and 17 per cent of survivors surveyed had no other option but to return to live with their abuser.

“Sometimes it’s easier to stay in an abusive situation than to be on the streets. As long as it was just me suffering the abuse, I would rather that than my kids not have a warm bed and hot meal in their belly,” said one survivor.

The study also found that 42 per cent of survivors experience discrimination when searching for housing in the private market, particularly based on their race, Indigeneity, gender, sexual orientation, disability and receipt of social assistance. Due in part to this high degree of discrimination and a lack of affordable housing options, only 10 per cent of survivors who had accessed emergency shelters were able to find a home in the private rental housing market.

In addition, the study found that existing shelter, income and other community supports are not meeting the diverse needs of survivors, particularly for people with disabilities, gender-diverse people, Indigenous people, newcomers and people with children.

“We get people substance abuse help, we get them mental health help, we get them safety planning and we get them, you know, court support. But the reality is if they have nowhere to land to receive those services and actually process the service provision, it’s not helpful,” said one frontline worker.

To address these issues, the report outlines several urgent policy measures that the federal and provincial governments must take to improve the housing conditions of survivors of GBV and IPV. These include implementing affordability measures, addressing gaps in services and supports for people fleeing violence, addressing discrimination, and prioritizing those in greatest need, namely Indigenous and gender-diverse people.

“These findings are deeply alarming but are unfortunately not surprising given how challenging the housing situation has become in Ontario for so many people.” said CCHR Researcher Sophie O’Manique. “The intersection between the GBV epidemic and the housing crisis is putting so many survivors in an impossible situation where they must choose between remaining in an abusive household or being housed. We hope that this research can help to amplify the voices of survivors and others in the sector that are raising alarm bells to push for much needed change and informs policy solutions that our governments must implement with urgency.”

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Quick facts:

• From 2023-2024, the Canadian Centre for Housing Rights carried out a research project to deepen an understanding of the relationship between GBV and housing insecurity in Ontario, and to understand how the housing affordability crisis in Ontario is impacting survivors’ housing experiences.
  • CCHR conducted a literature review, a survey of survivors, interviews with service providers and an analysis of housing market conditions in each community under study.
• GBV and IPV are pervasive problems impacting millions of women and gender-diverse people across Canada.
  • A 2018 study by Statistics Canada found that 44 per cent of Canadian women have experienced some form of IPV in their lifetime.
  • A 2020 survey by the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness found that 75 per cent of people experiencing homelessness or housing need identified themselves as survivors of GBV.
  • Other studies show that certain groups of people experience higher degrees of GBV and IPV including Indigenous women, people with disabilities, newcomers, and gender-diverse people.
• This report uses the definitions of GBV and IPV developed by Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE):
  • Gender-based violence (GBV): “Violence based on gender norms and unequal power dynamics, perpetrated against someone based on their gender, gender expression, gender identity, or perceived gender. It takes many forms, including physical, economic, sexual, as well as emotional (psychological) abuse.”
  • Intimate partner and interpersonal violence (IPV): “Physical, sexual, emotional (psychological) or financial harm done by a current or former intimate partner(s) or spouse(s). Intimate partner violence can happen in a marriage, common-law or dating relationship; in a heterosexual or LGBTQ2 (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and Two-Spirit) relationship; at any time in a relationship, including after it has ended; and, whether or not partners live together or are sexually intimate with one another.”

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Media contact:
Shelley Buckingham
Director of Communications, Canadian Centre for Housing Rights
Email: media [at] housingrightscanada.com

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Read the report

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